Priesagos -iklis naujadarų apibrėžčių sistemiškumas
The systematicity of the definitions of the neologisms with the suffix -iklis

Summary/Abstract: Recently, a number of new derivatives with the suffix –iklis signifying instruments have been and still are formed, e.g. dažiklis, ploviklis, puriklis, kvėpiklis, etc. Their definitions are created aiming at sistematicity, which is necessary in order to provide them in dictionaries, for instance. It has been noticed that in some cases the neologisms of the lexico-semantic group considered have specific meanings, while in other cases their lexical meaning coincides with the derivational one and therefore the lexeme can be defined relatively broadly – as an instrument for performing an action expressed by a base verb. This depends on the semantics of the base verbs (and the base words of the previous derivation stages), the semantic development of the very neologism, formation of its meanings and structure thereof, connection of individual lexemes to different meanings of the base word or development of the neologism’s meanings from one another, etc. In addition, in the definition of an individual neologism, one should not leave out of consideration the rest of the words of the relevant semantic group and their interrelationship. For instance, in the supplementary information given in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Modern Lithuanian Dictionary) dažiklis (‘dye’) is defined as ‘medžiaga, naudojama dažymui’ (‘material used for dyeing’). Dyes are usually used in the food industry, as well as in chemistry, textiles, cosmetics, poligraphy. Yet so far there is probably no reason to distinguish the individual meanings of this word by fields of consumption in dictionaries as all of them refer to the same meaning of the verb dažyti (‘to dye’) – ‘spalvinti mirkant dažuose ar tepant dažais’ (‘to dye by immersing in or covering with dye’). Dažiklis has not lexicalised enough, its lexical meaning practically coincides with the derivational one, i.e. dažiklis easily denotes any dyeing instrument (material) for dyeing anything. Only the food additive name could be distinguished as an individual lexeme or at least as a shade of meaning. Food additive names, comprising the subgroup of this lexico-semantic group, are formed with the suffix -iklis on a systematic basis – this type of word formation covers a substantial part of such names. Thus, they could be presented more systematically in the dictionaries, i.e. in cases of polysemous words, food additive names could be distinguished as individual lexemes (if this is based on the semantic structure of the base verb) or at least as shades of a single meaning (if all lexemes are based on the same meaning of the base verb). On the other hand, quite often an individual derivative with the suffix -iklis is used to denominate many realia and formulating an individual definition for each of them would mean excessive fragmentation of the semantic structure of the neologism as well as creation of an overly complicated dictionary article in disagreement with the common system (for instance, presenting polishers (blizgikliai) of leather articles (especially shoes), dishes, furniture, floor, cars, hair, fur, plant leaves, dye, etc. as different lexemes), not to mention that this neologism is used to denote ever changing realia, its current lexical meaning essentially equals the derivational one, and the word is recreated anew as needed. The article examines the explanation and presentation of derivatives with the suffix -iklis denoting tools (instruments) given in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas; a group of neologisms with the said suffix analysed is selected from Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenynas (Database of Lithuanian Neologisms). The relationship of derivational and lexical meanings in the lexicographic definitions of the selected derivatives is of interest. Criteria for a more systemic definition of the derivatives of the considered lexico-semantic group in dictionaries, lexical databases, and similar pieces of work are discussed.

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