Do We Have or Need a Two Speed Europe?
Do We Have or Need a Two Speed Europe?

Summary/Abstract: Flexible/differentiated integration represented by two speed Europe, Europe of concentric circles and other related concepts have been used after Maastricht due to the fact that not all Member States entered monetary union and accepted social and political integration. After the Brexit these concepts were revived based on enhanced cooperation included in the Treaties despite the strong opposition of some CEE countries, led by Poland, Hungary, Romania. The hard core, the founding states and other states from Eurozone want to speed up the integration process based on some unions: monetary, financial (banking), fiscal, energy, defense and political. But they need time and much better governance at EU level and national levels.

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