Vienažodžių matematikos terminų sinonimija matematikos vadovėliuose (1910–1940)
Synonymy of one-word terms of mathematics in textbooks of mathematics (1910–1940)

Summary/Abstract: The first Lithuanian textbooks of mathematics (Užduotinas, tai ira Rankius užduocziu Aritmetikos arba Rakundos mokslo (1885) by P. Matulionis and J. Spudulis, Keturi svarbiausiejie veikalai Aritmetikos (1886) by P. Nėris (P. Vileišis), Pradžiamokslis Lietuwiszko spaudraszczo ir rankraszczo (1888) by S. Gimžauskas and Aritmetika (1897) by S. Skačkauskas) were published at the end of 19th century. Before that textbooks of mathematics in Lithuania were published in Latin, later in Polish.From the beginning of the 20th century publishing of Lithuanian textbooks and exercise books of mathematics became more intensive. At that time Aritmetikos uždavinių ir pavyzdžių rinkinys (1906–1918) by P. Bendorius and P. Daugirda, Aritmetikos uždavinynas (1906) by P. Mašiotas and other textbooks were published.This article deals with one-word synonymous terms of mathematics in textbooks of mathematics published in the first half of the 20th century.The material for the article was collected from the following textbooks: Algebros teorija (1919) by V. Budrevičius, Aritmetika (1921) by A. Busilas, Jaunas matininkas (1921) by A. Busilas, Aritmetikos vadovėlis (1910–1911) in two parts by J. Damijonaitis, Plokštinė trigonometrija (1919) by A. Jakštas, Matematikos vadovėlis (Aritmetika ir algebra) (1939–1940) in three parts by J. Mašiotas, Matematikos vadovėlis (Geometrija) (1937–1938) in three parts by J. Mašiotas, Geometrija (1938–1940) in three parts by K. Klimavičius, Aritmetikos teorija (translated by A. Smetona) (1922) by Masing, Geometrija (1923) by M. Šikšnys, Elementarinė algebra (1923) by M. Šikšnys, Geometrija (1938–1939) in three parts by M. Šikšnys, Aritmetika ir algebra (1939) in three parts by M. Šikšnys.The majority of one-word synonymous terms were being used by different authors. Synonyms used by the same author are less frequent. In respect of origin synonymous terms are of two types – of different origin (synonymy of Lithuanian and foreign terms) and of the same origin (synonymy of Lithuanian terms).In Masing’s textbook there was only one pair of Lithuanian synonyms – apibrėžimas (nusakymas) (definition). Synonyms of a different origin are more frequent in textbooks by the same author (dvinaris – binomas (binomial), gretasienis – paralelepipedas (parallelepiped)).Lithuanian synonyms used by different authors are separated into lexical and derivational synonyms.Lexical synonyms in the textbooks researched are most frequent. There are quite a few cases when one of the synonyms was being used by the majority of the authors of textbooks and another one – only by one of the authors (apskritimas – ratlankis (circle), gavinys – išdava (result)).Derivational synonyms are less common. In most cases such synonyms differ only in suffixes (daliklis – dalytojas (denominator)). Cases when one of the synonyms is a noun of a particular formation and another one is a substantivized adjective or participle are less frequent (liečiamoji – lietėja (tangent)).Synonymous one-word terms of different origin are used by different authors very frequently (įstrižainė – diagonalė (diagonal), statinis – katetas (leg)).After the appearance of the first dictionaries of terms of mathematics (Aritmetikos ir algebros terminų žodynėlis (Concise dictionary of terms of arithmetic and algebra) by M. Šikšnys and Geometrijos ir trigonometrijos terminų rinkinėlis (Collection of terms geometry and trigonometry) by Z. Žemaitis) the number of synonyms reduced. There were some cases when the authors of textbooks of mathematics did not take into consideration terms used in the above-mentioned dictionaries, although this was unjustified.The analysis of synonymy of one-word terms of mathematics in textbooks published between 1910 and 1940 leads to the conclusion that the authors of textbooks of mathematics from this period embedded terms of the first dictionaries of mathematics, except in isolated cases, and reduced the synonymy by rejecting foreign terms in many cases. Abundant usage of synonymous terms in textbooks of mathematics from the beginning of the 20th century shows that terminology of mathematics was being intensively ordered at that time. The mentioned period is a very important time of the establishment of Lithuanian terminology of mathematics.

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