Konstytucja kwietniowa i konstytucje republikańskich państw autorytarnych w międzywojennej Europie. Próba porównania — wybrane zagadnienia (część I)
The April 1935 Constitution of Poland and the Constitutions of Authoritarian Republics in Interwar Europe: An Attempt for Comparison – Selected Issues (Part I)

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 23 April 1935as compared with constitutions of the authoritarian states of interwar Europe, which were republics.The scope of the analysis extends to the constitutions of: Albania — of 7 March 1925, Lithuania —of 15 May 1928 and 12 May1938, Portugal — of 19 March 1933, Austria — of 30 April 1934 and Estonia — of 28 July 1937. The comparison covers constitutional provisions concerning the head ofstate, government and parliament and the relationship between the executive and the legislative powers.Detailed insight into the texts of those constitutions allows us to identify their common elementstypical of an authoritarian state, primarily the position of the head of state, the hierarchy of President’sauthorities and protection primacy of the executive in its relations with the legislative. At thesame time, it makes it possible to identify particular differences in each of these constitutions, whichare sometimes unique in its content, e.g. a strong position of the head of government in relation tothe head of state (in Portugal and Austria), or implementing to a signifi cant extent the institution ofdirect democracy (in Estonia).

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