Zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych metalami ciężkimi i związkami organicznymi: farmaceutykami, narkotykami i pestycydami
Surface water contamination with heavy metals and organic compounds: pharmaceuticals, drugs and pesticides

Summary/Abstract: Studies in the recent years have confirmed that surface water around the world, including Poland, are contaminated with organic compounds and heavy metals. Organic compounds include pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, estrogens, antibiotics), pesticides or drugs (cocaine, amphetamine and its derivatives). The most common metals identified in surface waters were: Ni, Hg, As, Pb, Cd. These compounds can accumulate in surface waters, in river sediments. Pharmaceuticals have been identified in waters intended for human consumption. All of these compounds are large calling for the protection of the environment and ecology. Their presence in surface waters is the result of ineffective wastewater treatment processes. The problem of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, pesticides, and over the past 10 years of illegal drugs applies to surface waters throughout the world. The presence of heavy metals, Ni, Cd was confirmed in the Rhine river in Germany and river sediments of the river Kłodnica in Poland. Pb was determined in rivers in the Czech Republic. Heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) have been identified in river sediments in Polish (river Vistula, Kłodnica, Przemsza). Pharmaceuticals have been identified in Polish rivers: Warta, Odra, Vistula, Wierzyca and Kanał Gliwice. Identified pharmaceuticals belong to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and female sex hormones. In Spanish rivers, there were identified pharmaceuticals belong to several therapeutic groups. Pharmaceuticals were determined in waters intended for human consumption. In Czech Republic and Turkey, researchers identified the presence of dangerous to human health pesticides: DDT, HCH, and HBC. In recent years, there have been reports of the presence of drugs in surface waters, at low concentrations, less than 10 ng/l.

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