フォークロアからソヴィエト民族文化へ－「カザフ民族音楽」の成立（1920-1942）－
From Folklore to Soviet National Culture — The Process of Formation of "Kazak National Music" (1920-1942) —

Summary/Abstract: Since the time of the Russian Empire, Kazak(Qazaq) music had been described as “folk music” by scholars and musicians, and under Soviet rule, it was to be developed to create a part of the Kazak national culture. The author describes the process of the formation of Kazak national music and its systematization in the first half of the Soviet period. To understand the changes in Kazak musical culture in the Soviet period, it is important to survey the course of Russian nationalism in the 19th century; which served as a model for the formation of Kazak national music. In Russia, Iike in other countries on the periphery of Europe, there had been interest in folk culture since the middle of the 18th century; and folk songs and music were transcribed in musical notation and arranged by composers and scholars. So-called Russian nationalist school w as established in the history of European music, and composers did not simply quote Russian folk music in their works with European harmonization. At that time, it became a common practice for composers to publish “collected folk songs” — a term which was applied to their own arrangements of songs with piano accompaniment. The worth of folk songs was appreciated only when they were given arrangements or harmonization, thus transformed by composers into works of art. Folk music was always subsidiary to “art music” or ”universal music” — i.e., European Classical Music.

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