LIBERALI ERUDITIONE И АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ: ПРОЕКТЫ РЕФОРМЫ Ф. МЕЛАНХТОНА В ВИТТЕНБЕРГСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ
LIBERALI ERUDITIONE AND THE ARISTOTELIAN HERITAGE: PHILIP MELANCHTHON’S PROJECTS OF THE REFORM IN WITTENBERG UNIVERSITY

Summary/Abstract: The German Reformation raised many questions in all spheres of the public life, including university traditions and practices. In years before the Reformation, Martin Luther had challenged the necessity of teaching of some Aristotle’s works in universities. The humanist Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560), the closest friend and follower of Martin Luther, at the very beginning supported “the expulsion” of Aristotle from universities. However, his attitude towards Aristotle underwent a noticeable evolution by the late 1520s, which led him to the program for returning of the ancient philosopher’s works to German universities. The paper is focused mainly on Melanchthon’s oration entitled “De philosophia” (1536) setting forth the humanist’s views on the Aristotelian heritage. We analyze different meanings of the concept of “liberali eruditione” (liberal erudition), which was understood by Melanchthon as a synthesis of ancient erudition and new religiosity.

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