Pierwsza wyprawa krzyżowa i jej następstwa
The First Crusade and its result

Summary/Abstract: The Crusades were the first circumstance to demonstrate the cultural religious differences that divided the Germanized West from the Byzantine East. The barbarization of the West had ushered in a feudal military society which sought to justify its habitual pasttime. The Germanic code of civalry gave preeminence to the military hero; in this regard, the papacy itself was barbarized; there was nothing more disconcerning to the Christian of the Byzantine empire than the papal warfere and the idea of Crusade. The Byzantines, in contrast, did not consider death in battle glorious; nor did they they believe that being killed in the field by the infidel was martyrdom. The canons of the Orthodox Church stated that any one guilty of kiling in war must refrain for three years from taking Holy Communion as a necessary sign of true repentance.

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