Dinamica vocabularului limbii române
Vocabulary Dynamics in the Romanian language

Summary/Abstract: The concept of dynamics of language is associated with the representation of time intervals during which significant changes occur in the verbal means we have to communicate. The Romanian vocabulary is on a course of modernization and internationalization. The relation between language and society is reflected in the vocabulary, ages of great transformations in the life of a society are ages of great transformation of the currently used forms of linguistic expression. The progress of the humankind has been primary reflected at the level of the lexicon. After the 90’s, the Romanian vocabulary has undergone a strong influence from the English language, so thus the Romanian language is passing through a stage of modernization and internationalization. Such loans concern a very important problem, namely their adjustment – adjustment at the phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels. The linguistic calque is one significant means to enrich a language’s vocabulary. Depending on the loaned linguistic segment, several types of calques may be distinguished: semantic calque; lexical calque; grammatical calque. The relation between the linguistic calque and the translation is highly important for the exactness of a translation from a foreign language into Romanian, “traddure, mai non tradire!”. Some calques are international and they are met in several languages of culture, without a certain determinaion of the source-language for the Romanian language: mărul lui Adam (fr. pomme d’Adam; germ. Adamsapfel etc.), Renaştere (fr. Renaissance; it. Rinascimento), război rece (engl. cold war; fr. guèrre froid; rus. holodnaia voina etc.), and even such a well known compound such as floareasoarelui (lat. helianthus; engl. sunflower; germ. Sonnenblume; oland. zonnenbloem etc.).

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