ФРАНЦУЗСКИЕ И НЕМЕЦКИЕ ИНЖЕНЕРЫ В КРЕПОСТЯХ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА РОССИИ В ПЕРВЫЕ ГОДЫ XVIII ВЕКА
FRENCH AND GERMAN ENGINEERS IN FORTRESS FORTIFICATIONS OF NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the issue of attracting foreign engineers to participate in fortification works conducted in the north-west of Russiain the early years of the Northern War. At that time, new types of fortifications were built in Western Europe. Foreign engineersinvited by Peter the Great served for the benefit of Russia. They promoted an engineering transition from the tower to the bastionsystem. French and German engineers played a significant role in this modernization. The study is focused on the essence of engineeringschools that Peter the Great used as examples for national fortification development.

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