Historicizmus vo filozofii vedy T. S. Kuhna
Historicism in the Kuhn’s Philosophy of Science

Summary/Abstract: Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolution was a widely discussed alternative to the orthodox account of science. Kuhn formulated a “rational reconstruction” of scientific progress, a reconstruction based on his own interpretation of developments in the history of science. He developed it with emphasis into a model of scientific progress in which periods of “normal science” alternate with periods of “revolutionary science”. Normal science is a conservative enterprise which can be characterized as puzzle-solving activity. A paradigm is not rejected on the basis of a comparison of its consequences and empirical evidence. Rather paradigm-rejection is a three-term relation which involves an established paradigm, a rival paradigm, and observational evidence. This paradigm replacement resembles a gestalt-shift. Despite the largely critical reception, Kuhn’s work has been hugely infl uential, both within philosophy and outside it.

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