Nazwy własne w funkcji metaforycznej (na polskich i rosyjskich przykładach prasowych)
Proper names in a metaphorical function (with Polish and Russian press examples)

Summary/Abstract: The article is about the metaphorical usage of proper names and their place beyond the language system. Proper names quite frequently appear in modern (Polish and Russian) journalistic texts as a part of metaphors. These are, for example, such expressions as polski Hitler, Гитлер без вермахта, Himalaje wszelkiego zakłamania, “гималаи” пивных и водочных бутылок, Nowy Jork we wschodnim stylu, подмосковный Версаль, katolicki Gorbaczow, этакий черногорский Обломов, nasz Leonardo da Vinci, сегодняшние Корчагины, Мересьевы, Гагарины and others. A name loses its system properties in figurative usage. That means the name does not denote or distinguish a particular person or place that was originally designated by it, but begins to be seen as a meaningful unit. Metaphors with proper names in their structure are created from connotational meaning of a proper name, which is a given social group’s unlimited knowledge of the object that the name refers to, in its basic use.

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