Rast výkonnosti ekonomiky a nezamestnanosť v krajinách Vyšehradskej skupiny
ECONOMY PERFORMANCE GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT WITHIN THE VISSEGRÁD COUNTRIES GROUP

Summary/Abstract: In the article, we analyzed the dependency between the GDP growth, productivity, employment and unemployment and their development during 1997–1999 in particular in Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Regarding the unemployment, it decreased only if a growth in employment was achieved. And vice versa, the unemployment did not decreased (improved) in any of those years, if the labour market situation deteriorated and if there was a drop in em-ployment . In Hungary during last three years the employment increased by 164 thousand of persons and unemployment decreased by 115 thousand of persons. In Poland during 1997–1998 employment increased by 382 thousand of persons and the number of un-employed went down by 292 thousand of persons; in 1999, but, the employment de-creased and the number of unemployed increased. In Slovakia and in the Czech Repub-lic the unemployment did not declined in any of the analyzed years, and the total em-ployment also declined. However, there is no linear dependency between the decrease or the increase in employment and unemployment. A difference is due to demographic and other factors. The article is analyzing also some changes in the industry employment and unem-ployment structure. In Poland during 1997–1998 the paid employment grew by 5.6 %, especially in trade and building industry. Rather less new work places were created in the processing industry and even those were lost in 1999 due to weakened prosperity. In Hungary in contrary, the biggest increase of new work places was recorded (12 %) in the processing industry. In Slovakia and in the Czech Republic the paid employment declined during the analyzed years especially in the processing industry. Our analysis proved that the relation between the GDP growth, productivity and employment growth in a real life in particular countries is can be the best expressed by the following equation: where *Z, or Z – increase in employment, or a total number of employed persons; h – the rate of GDP growth; p – the rate of a total growth in productivity. Employment is growing (the quantity *Z has a positive value), if gaining a positive value, i. e., if the GDP is growing faster (h) than the labour producti- vity (p), and vice versa. Also in the reality in analyzed countries the employment was growing (thus unem-ployment declined) if the rate of GDP growth was faster than the rate of productivity growth. And vice versa – the employment declined if the rate of GDP growth was less than the rate of labour productivity growth. In Hungary (1997–1999) and in Poland (1997–1998) the GDP grew faster than the labour productivity; employment increased, unemployment declined. In contrary in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic, and also in Poland in 1999 the rate of GDP growth lagged behind the productivity growth; employment declined and unemployment grew. ...

• Details
• Contents