НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ С СЕМАНТИКОЙ «ЛАНДШАФТ» В РУССКОМ, АНГЛИЙСКОМ И ИСПАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
NAMES OF URBAN SPACES WITH THE SEMANTICS OF «LANDSCAPE» IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE (IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN AND SPANISH CITIES)

Summary/Abstract: The article presents the part of comparative research of the lexicological group «Names of an urban spaces» in Russian, Spanish and English languages. The object of the article is the analysis and classification of the lexemes with the «landscape» semantics in English language in comparison with the space-names in three languages. The lexical group of urban space-names is the system of different nominations. Its semantics depends on specific features which a city has: correlation between center and outskirts, water and land, mountain relief and plain, pedestrian and car zones. The author considers different lexicographical methods of a lexemes description in explanatory dictionaries in Russian and European tradition. Investigating appellatives in the structure of urban-name the author takes into consideration that the appellatives can be in various correlations and interactions with the personal names, and it can cross from the on class to another. Russian languages shows that appellatives find itself most often in the structure of a personal names so why there are some features of a Russian city which are obliterated. English placenames mainly save the appellative status but it also shows different trans-formations in the language model «appellative + proper name». Features of Russian and European lexicographical tradition are different: Russian dictionary more often doesn’t include space-names in the system of a city whereas European dictionary describes lexemes as a «text» of a city more logical.

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