Kulturne perspektive i znanstvena metodologija
Cultural Perspectives and Scientific Methodology

Summary/Abstract: Pluriperspectivist integrative bioethics links not only different sciences, but also their different fields and domains, and even all scientific domains in interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary ways. Philosophical bioethics, a humanist discipline, can thus be involved 1. together with biomedicine in medical clinical cases that raise ethical problems, 2. together with biotechnology in evaluation of food production procedures that can have consequences for human or animal health (such as mad cow disease / bovine spongiform encephalopathy), 3. together with the technical sciences in solutions applied in biotechnology (e.g. in intensive animal husbandry or agriculture), 4. together with mathematics, i.e. general or formal science, or 5. with the natural sciences in determining ethical preconditions of such biomedical or biotechnical solutions as mentioned, as well as it can be combined 6. with the social sciences and 7. the humanities in research on the social, economical, ecological and moral consequences resulting from the violation of certain ethical or bioethical principles. Integrative ethics implies a pluriperspectivist approach and takes both scientific methodology and cultural perspectives into consideration. These perspectives give scientific or scholarly research a broader, but often differing, existential sense and purpose. It can be mentioned that – in Ancient Greece the goal of cognition, for Plato, was to become “fair and good” (kalokagathós) through ethical perfection in righteousness towards others in society; and even to harmonize the movements of one’s own intellect with the movements of the heavenly bodies (in the divine intellect); and to investigate and know oneself; for Aristotle the sense and purpose of cognition, which had its origin in our wonderment or admiration (thaumázein), was to satisfy the yearning for knowledge, innate in every human being, whether one strives to understand natural phenomena (physics, zoology etc.), or society (politics, law etc.), or the first principles (first philosophy), or to attain practical virtue (ethics) or poetical skills (poetics, rhetorics); – in India, for a part of the Hindus the goal of cognition was to learn how to preserve the language and the sense of the holy Revelation, the Vedas, for another part of them the goal was to understand logical, mathematical, astronomical or physiological laws; for the Buddhists, the purpose of cognition was to improve understanding, morality and inner experience; for both, the goal was to attain expanded states of consciousness, universal good, liberation from suffering for humans and animals, and final spiritual peace and salvation;

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