Tylko głupcy uśmiechają się do obcych?
Only the stupid smile at strangers?
Author(s): Karolina Hansen, Kuba KryśSubject(s): Psychology
Published by: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Sp. z o.o.
Keywords: smile; social perception; intelligence; honesty; culture
Summary/Abstract: Studies on social perception reveal that on many dimensions smiling individuals are perceived more positively in comparison to non-smiling individuals. However, in the current research we claim that this relationship is not always positive and it can depend also on culture and its dimensions such as individualism-collectivism or assertiveness. Experiment carried out in six countries (Poland, Germany, Norway, Iran, the USA, and South Africa) showed that in collectivistic and non-assertive cultures smiling people may be perceived less favorably than non-smiling people. We compared ratings of intelligence and honesty made by participants viewing photos of smiling and non-smiling people. The results showed that smiling people in Germany were seen as more intelligent and in Iran as less intelligent than people without a smile. Moreover, in all countries except Iran smiling people were seen as more honest than nonsmiling people. We discuss the obtained results in the context of differences between cultures described by House et al. (2004) and by Hofstede (2001).
Journal: Psychologia Społeczna
- Issue Year: IX/2014
- Issue No: 29
- Page Range: 165-178
- Page Count: 14