Plagët e shkollës shqiptare në diktaturën komuniste (Arsimi 8-vjeçar dhe i mesëm)
The wounds of the albanian school during the communist dictatorship

Summary/Abstract: After the declaration of Independence, the Albanian school started to upraise and during 1920 - 1930s and until 1943, succeeded to install and consolidate an education system. Despite being limited in quantity and with material lacks, this system maintained the Balkan level in methods and substance. After the end of the World War II, this process was interrupted. Being under the doctrine of the communist ideology, school went downwards, at the expense of cultural, civil and patriotic formation of the generations to come in Albania. As soon as the communist government was installed, the reforms against the rotten, bourgeois education system begun, in order to create a new school, called Socialist, with communist aspirations. Under clear political purposes, the expansion of the school network started. Due to school's opening to masses, all school categories were expanded, without having the necessary material basis and obtaining a weak financial support. The education system during 1944 - 1948, adopted the Yugoslavian system rather than the Russian one, despite the fact that for the moment they were quite similar. It is not by chance that the period of the so-called 'further revolutionising' of school coincides with the empowerment of the relations with China. At the end of the '70s, after the interruption of the relations with China, school was even more politicized, harming thus even more the cultural formation of the school generations of that time. Straight after the War, the deterioration of the teacher's personality begun. There was no juridical status for the teacher, in order to regulate the relations of the teachers inside school and society, as a first-hand figure in the cultural evolution of the country. During the '80s, all the texts and subjects went through a deformation. Formation courses, courses of social sciences, principally history and literature, were mutilated in a degree that harmed the general formation of several generations in Albania. One of the greatest wounds that socialist school brought to the formation of the pupils was the great scarcity in the Albanian language. After the 1946 reform, the western foreign languages were withdrawn from the school programs. There were further measures for revolutionizing school, with the introduction of the so-called revolutionary triangle learning, productive work, physic and military education, all entirely based on the ideological axes of Marxism - Leninism. The objective of the Party - State was to transform school into the principal tool of communist indoctrination. The cultural upraising of generations was not fundamental. The teacher's personality was deteriorated, as well.

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