Între realism socialist, umanism socialist şi naţional stalinism. Literatura romana sub impactul factorului ideologic in anii 1960
Between Socialist Realism, Socialist Humanism, and National Stalinism: Romanian Literature under the impact of ideological factors in the 1960s

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this study is to shed more light on a period which marks the transition toward National Stalinism. Mainly after 1963, in communist Romania is visible a relaxation of cultural politics, although the party leadership maintained Socialist Realism as mandatory style of arts and literature. Such cultural liberalization occurred simultaneously with the Declaration of April 1964 of the Romanian Workers’ Party, announcing political emancipation from the USSR. The Declaration was considered recently by some historians as a true Charter of Romanian National Stalinism. However, regarding the history of Romanian Literature relationship with ideology one can notice a transitional period. The communist control over literature was subtler in comparison with the 1950s while N. Ceauşescu, the 1965 newly appointed secretary general of the communist party, renounced to invoke Socialist Realism. He changed it with Socialist Humanism, a doctrine which allowed the existence of „various artistic styles and methods“. However, the censorship was reset especially after 1968, targeting primarily literary and student magazines. Step-by-step the Humanist Socialism was re- defined in a censorial way. In 1968, according to more historical sources, intellectuals and ethnic minorities were perceived as main threats for the regime. In order to detect the revival of National Stalinism I examined the inconsistency of the breakup with 1950s Romanian Stalinism, abusive political methods against literary life, and the Romanian– Hungarian cultural relations.

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