Rendi i fjalëve dhe gjymtyrëzimi aktual i fjalive të varura kohore dhe vendore
The word-order and the theme-rheme division of clauses of time and place

Summary/Abstract: This article is concerned with the word order problems of clauses of time and place and the theme–rheme division of these subordinate clauses. The questions of word order in these sentences are not so well treated, while questions of actual division are not treated at all. The former syntactic analyses of such clauses have not arrived at the formulation of fixed rules concerning the order of words in these sentences. In fact, this task is especially difficult to be carrying out in a free word-order language as Albanian. Nevertheless, based on samples from literary works the author of this paper has managed to explain the causes of a fixed order of words in these clauses. Among these reasons, the first are the logical ones: e.g. it is well known that in the cause–effect relation, the cause must anticipate the effect and this is reflected in the order of subjuncts and of preposed modifiers of the subordinate clause. In other cases, the wordorder of the members of the clause depends on structural reasons, e.g. when the adjunct is placed before the predicate of the subordinate clause, in order to be as close as possible to the predicate of the main clause. In other cases, the movement of the adjunct before the predicate is conditioned by the need of the subject to be part of the rheme. Structural reasons also come in the first place as concerns the predicate– subject or subject–predicate order in subordinate clauses. Some of subordinators of time and place keep intact their meanings, so that the postposition of the subject in the adverbial clause is somewhat justified, because it is known the fact that when an adjunct is placed at the beginning of the sentence, the subject goes to its end. There are also other factors that influence the postposition of the subject; such factors are the lexical nature of the predicate (e.g., verbs of movement want their subject after them), the mood of the verb (verbs in the subjunctive mood want the subject placed after them), the kind of subordinators (the si, sa, tek conjunctions don’t take a post posed subject). But more important are structural reasons. For example, in clauses of time with such verbs as fle, the auxiliary jam, jam në gjumë, the modal arrij + object and generally verbs that are closely related with the subject etc., this last comes before the predicate. In the position of subject at the beginning of the sentence there are other factors that influence, such as the expansion of the noun phrase with an external modifier, when the subject of the subordinate clause is part of the subject of the main clause, when as a subject of a post posed subject serves a pronoun etc.

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