Chestiunea naţională în ideologia şi programele revoluţionare ale generaţiei paşoptiste din imperiul habsburgic
The National Question in the Revolutionary Ideology and Programmes of the 1848 Generation in the Habsburg Empire

Summary/Abstract: The ethno-national complexity of the Habsburg monarchy generated an impressive and important revival in the ideology and the programmes of all the peoples in the Empire. While, in the months of March - April 1848, the achievement of the programmatic points of the revolution in Pest was creating the premises of the independence of Hungary towards Austria or the Austro-Hungarian dualism germs, the Czech countries (Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia) and, Galicia (with an absolute majority of Polish population) started struggling for the maintenance of the juridical autonomy and historical „rights“. Later, at the Pan-Slavist Congress in Prague (2-12 June 1848), the Czech liberals were expressing the idea of the necessity of peacefully transforming the Empire (without an encroachment upon the Habsburg House's rights) in a federation made of four large regions, equal in rights: German, Hungarian, North-Slav and South-Slav. In January 1848, Frantisek Polacky retook the thesis supported by his liberal fellow countrymen set the Pan-Slavist Congress from Prague proposing that the Austrian federal state should be made of eight unities: Polish-Ukrainian, Czech-Slovakian, German, Illyrian-Slovenian, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, Hungarian, and Romanian. The imminent tsarist intervention, which evidently parted the revolutionary front and the counter-revolution, urged many of the national movements' leaders in the Empire to struggle in order to unify the revolutionary forces against despotism. Unfortunately, the Romanian, Hungarian and Polish revolutionists' actions for achieving a common revolutionary front couldn't stop the course of the events that were already forecasting in the summer of 1849, the imminent breakdown of the revolution.

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