PODIVNÁ TRANZICE: ITALSKÉ ÚSTAVNĚ-INSTITUCIONÁLNÍ REFORMY
THE STRANGE TRANSITION: ITALIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Summary/Abstract: Since the first half of the 1990’s the Italian political system has been undergoing the specific process of politica ltransition fitting into a special category of political transitions that is from one type of democratic political regime to another type of democratic political regime. Desired transitional outcome is expected to be qualitatively better political institutions, more adequate, efficient and better formulated democratic political framework. This article is based on hypothesis that the process of Italian transition is in the first place the problem of reforming the Italian political institutions and especially the Italian Constitution. The organic Constitutional reform however has not been implemented yet. In Italy institutional and constitutional reforms have been discussed for more than two decades. There have been three special committees appointed by the Parliament to formulate the concrete legislative proposals that would be based on the wide consensus of all political parties represented in the Parliament at that time. The last one led by Massimo D’Alema raised the highest expectations and similarly as its predecessors failed in 1998 as a result of the lack of agreement and mutual vetoes of the political parties. Largely unsuccessful reforming efforts in Italy can be considered results of the lack of the political consensus,unclearand changing aim of the reforms and “institutional opportunism” of political parties and their leaders concentrated more on own immediate and short-term political advantages.

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