Proces formování fungující tržní ekonomiky v kandidátských zemích střední a východní Evropy v 90. letech
PROCESS OF THE FOUNDATION OF A FUNCTIONING MARKET ECONOMY IN CANDIDATE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE 90

Summary/Abstract: This article is based on the contribution to the Research Report that was prepared as a result of the Slovak and Czech common collaboration at the International Trade Department of the Economic University in Bratislava. It offers a detailed look at the current results of the candidate countries in the process of the foundation of market economy, provides a comparison of cumulative results of the Slovak Republic (SR) and the Czech Republic (CR) in 1999 – 2001 and informs on macro-economic development in selected candidate countries. The author applies a method of the Office of the Head Economist of the EBRD that describes the level of the formation of standard (functioning) market economy in 28 tran-sitive countries (apart from the European countries including Baltic States there are im-plemented countries of Community of Independent States as well). Since 1994 results have been regularly published in Transition Reports. The article is based on Transition Report 2001 that provided assessments of progress in transition based on Statistics from the half of 2001. Assessments are made for a number of core areas of reform that correspond with se-veral main elements of a market economy – markets and trade, enterprises and financial institutions. Progress in each of these areas represents an improvement in how well mar-kets, enterprises and financial institutions function. Progress is measured against the standards of industrialized market economies, recognizing that there is neither a perfectly functioning market economy nor a unique end-point for transition. The measurement scale for the indicators ranges from 1 to 4+, where 1 represents little or no changes from a rigidly planned economy and 4+ represents the standard of an industrialized market economy. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development implemented Classification system for transition indicators that covered Small-scale privatization, Price liberaliza-tion, Trade and Foreign exchange system, Large-scale privatization, Governance and enterprise restructuring, Competition policy, Banking reform and interest rate liberaliza-tion and Securities markets and non-bank financial institutions. The author has applied a very simple statistical method for the expression of cumula-tive results and assessments. On the base of these cumulative results and assessments the rank of candidate countries was accounted. It is necessary to stress that the main atten-tion has been devoted to the most development candidate countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovak Republic and Slovenia (alphabetic order). According to cumulative results Hungary ranges the 1st rank with 30+ points, the CR and Poland the 2nd and the 3rd rank (29 points), the SR with 28 points ranges the 5th rank and Slovenia (26+ points) the 7th rank. Author made a comparison of the SR and the CR cumulative results in greater details and concluded the results of these countries – both the SR and the CR – were balanced.

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