Približuje transformačný proces slovenskú ekonomiku Európskej únii?
DOES THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS BRING THE SLOVAK ECONOMY NEARER TO THE EUROPEAN UNION?

Summary/Abstract: Transformation of the Slovak economy into the competitive market economy has lasted more than 10 years already. The expectations of citizen, politicians and most of experts expressed at the beginning of the process were not fulfilled so far. The paper tries to analyse the starting point situation and the reasons why the transformation process is much slower than originally expected. The author considers as relevant the underestima-tion of people’s ability to adapt their thinking and dealing to the market economy princi-ples. Inadequate existence of the competitive environment, low adaptation of legislative and institutional conditions corresponding to those of the market economy led to many social and economic deformations – high insolvency, corruption, embezzlements (tunne-lling) etc. The paper characterises individual transformation phases and tries to define the rela-tion of implemented measures towards selected economic occurrences. Insufficient pro-fessionalism of politicians and absence of experienced economists in the government executive are, in the author’s opinion, some of the major causes of failing efficiency of the economic measures. Preferring the installation of the macro-economic equilibrium without respecting the abilities of balanced development in the micro-economic sphere has led to the current dominant economic disorders such as inability and the whole series of unsolved and retrograde problems of latent insolvencies (for instance property depreciation, deprecia-tion of resources of social welfare and health care). The cause of the dissatisfactory economic development is in disrespecting the mar-ginal adaptability limits of people and economic subjects. These economic subjects originated mostly in market – incompatible conditions with no development of the inter-nal economic resources. The paper briefly compares the development of economies in the Visegrad group (V4), which uncovers Slovakia’s lagging behind the others as a result of non-systemic transformation development. Significant part of the paper is dedicated to the privatisation. Implementation rate of the privatisation, which from the point of view of the author lies predominantly in the ideological sphere (without any rational economic plan), was accompanied by ownership switchover into the hands of unprepared owners. Part of these new owners understood this opportunity only as the means for personal enrichment and not as a chance to exer-cise multiplication of the property of privatised enterprises. The author suggests that a significant shortcoming of privatisation has been the lack of restructuring in privatised enterprises. This led to the delay of the natural selection of viable enterprises and to the prolongation of unviable companies representing long-time infection of the whole eco-nomy.

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