Parlamentarismus versus prezidencialismus: problémy institucionálního rámce v Latinské Americe. Srovnání případů Argentiny, Brazílie, Chile a Mexika
Parliamentarism versus Presidentialism: Problems of Institutional Design in Latin America. Comparative Analysis of Argentina, Brasil, Chile and Mexic

Summary/Abstract: This paper deals with the institutional design in selected countries of Latin America – Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. It starts from an assumption that the institutions exert infl uence up the behaviour of political actors and the nature of governance. The Latin American countries adopted a U. S. presidential system, but due to the heterogeneity of their societies the multiparty system developed. The coexistence of presidential and multiparty system has revealed to be very problematic in particular during the transition to democracy and democratic consolidation period. The cooperation between executive and legislative branch is rather exceptional and more commonly two situation turn up. First, the legislative posed no obstacle to the executive, especially when the executive has majority in the legislative. Second, it checked it too much. This can lead to a deadlock between them or to the situation in which the executive evades the Congress. Should not then the Latin American countries adopt the parliamentary form of government which matches more with the plurality of their societies?

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