K teoretickým otázkam štruktúrnej politiky
TOWARDS THE THEORETICAL QUESTIONS OF THE STRUCTURAL POLICY

Summary/Abstract: Structural policy is an integral part of the economic policy, which can not be affected without it. Economic policy must form and operate all economical processes in the national economy, including promotion of the structural changes. In accordance with the existence of the structural changes should be worked also structural policy. Structural policy is complex of the processes, activities, instruments and measures, which are oriented to the forming and influencing of the development of the structural economy and realization of the structural changes. By means of the structural policy there are stated basic targets, directions, forms and measures of the influence of state in the structural processes in the economy, in the development of the economic structure with the aim – achieving of the positive structural changes. It means that structural policy should be formed and realized in the way of supporting of the long economic growth and helping of the economic stability and increasing the resistance against the unfavorable external influences and assisting by overcoming of the long term unbal-ance. In the environment of the stronger international competition and globalization should be effectively increasing national competition, create tendencies not only to the exploitation of the classic comparative advantages, but also to the strengthen of the national competitive advantage. The main task of the structural policy is to create economical conditions and to op-timize sector, branch, regional and other structures the way to be economic growth factors and structural changes factors utilized in the most effective way and costs con-nected with inevitable structural changes should be the lowest. In the theoretical concepts there are two main ways of the structural policy. Conservative, neoclassic and liberal way to come out with the presumption that the market mechanism co-ordinates and solves basic economic problems and is able to realize resource and requirements allocation in the most effective way. Keynesians and neo-keynesians way accepts coordination of the economic activities by the market mechanism, but simultaneously accepts economical spheres and branches where this mechanism does not work, or fails. In connection with this fact it develop space for economic and structural policy, creates aims and measures. Therefore support-ers of this tendency have the opinion, that state should have influence on the economy and interfere to the resource and requirements allocation. Accesses to the structural policy and recommendation to the influenced process of the stru-ctural adaptation can be different. There are liberal, supporting, active and strategic accesses. Competition is considered as one of the main parts of the structural changes in the economy. National economy can be competitive only if it will adapt everlasting perma-nent structural changes.

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