Два подхода към научното дело на Карл Маркс
Two Approaches to Karl Marx’s Scientific Work

Summary/Abstract: The paper presents two different approaches, situational and nonsituational, to Karl Marx’s scientific work. The first approach is the most widespread and is characterized by a selective attitude to ideas and texts in Marx’s heritage, the choices of the authors interpreting Marx’s works being defined by their purposes in a particular situation (scientific, cultural, social). This approach can be used both for the needs of apology and criticism. Its major shortcoming is that the use of Marx’s work for situational purposes does not provide the possibility of revealing its real potential (its capacities and limits) for understanding contemporary realities. The nonsituational approach is characterized by comprehensiveness and a critical attitude. Comprehensiveness in this case implies a highly explicit correlation of ideas and texts in Marx’s enormous body of theoretical works; only after conducting such a correlation analysis can we come closer to a true evaluation of the relevance of Marx’s ideas for contemporary realities. This correlation analysis and understanding presupposes a critical attitude. The paper concludes with examples showing the need to apply the non-situational approach to Marx’s concept of the dialectical method and to the analysis of the content of Capital. The author argues that dialectic is problematic in its application as a universal theoretical tool. Marx’s magnum opus is viewed as a multilayered work, the various layers of which possess different scientific value and can find divergent continuations and applications in philosophy and science today.

• Details
• Contents