DİLBİLGİSEL METAFOR KAVRAMININ OLUŞUMU: KONGRÜENTLİKTEN İNKONGRÜENTLİĞE
THE FORMATION OF THE THEORY OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR: FROM CONGRUENCE TO INCONGRUENCE

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the formation history of the theory of grammatical metaphor in a retrospective manner, based on the scientific legacy of M. Halliday. The core of the research is formed by the developmental trajectory of the concept of "congruence." This concept first emerged in 1956 as a purely formal-probabilistic category in the description of the grammatical structures of the Chinese language, and was subsequently carried over into the sociolinguistic plane (anti-language, dialogue, interpersonal relations) during the 1970s–1980s. The article shows that these two lines of development became integrated with one another across the four editions (1985, 1994, 2004, 2014) of Introduction to Functional Grammar, evolving into a single, sentence-level theory of grammatical metaphor. The analysis substantiates the formative logic of the ideational and interpersonal types of grammatical metaphor, as well as the reasons why it is regarded as the most complex and culminating topic within systemic-functional linguistics.

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