Parenting Factors and Metacognitive Beliefs: A Systematic Review
Parenting Factors and Metacognitive Beliefs: A Systematic Review

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature examining the relationships between parenting factors and metacognitive beliefs. To this end, articles that examined the relationship between parenting factors and metacognitive beliefs were searched in the Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, TR Index, Turkish Psychiatry Index, and ULAKBİM databases using the relevant keywords and their Turkish equivalents. This review, according to PRISMA decision criteria, included 19 quantitative studies, two of which were longitudinal and the others cross-sectional. In this systematic review, it was found that the parenting factor most frequently associated with metacognition was attachment patterns. The findings suggest that insecure attachment may foster negative metacognitive beliefs, which in turn may contribute to various psychological problems. Anxious attachment patterns were associated with hyperactivation, while avoidant attachment was associated with deactivation strategies, and it was suggested that both strategies could trigger sustaining mechanisms such as cognitive attention syndrome. In this context, parental attitudes may play a role in shaping individual cognitive styles not only through direct modeling but also through indirect effects. Although most of the studies included in the review were cross-sectional, they provide strong evidence for the relationship between attachment and parenting styles and metacognition. These findings indicate that parental factors play an important role in the development of metacognitive beliefs. A better understanding of this relationship may contribute to both the enrichment of current metacognitive intervention approaches and the development of preventive and supportive interventions targeting parental factors.

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