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Ochrona własności wirtualnej w prawie karnym
The Protection of Virtual Property in Criminal Law

Author(s): Mateusz Kazanowski, Agata Wróbel
Subject(s): Criminal Law
Published by: Polska Akademia Umiejętności / Krakowski Instytut Prawa Karnego Fundacja
Keywords: criminal law; copyright law; legal protection; computer games; virtual property; digital items; online fraud;

Summary/Abstract: This article analyses the issue of protecting virtual property from a civil-law and criminal-law perspective, focusing on items in computer games. The authors employ various research methods, including the dogmatic-legal, casuistic, and comparative methods, to assess whether current legal provisions effectively protect intangible assets. It is pointed out that, although Polish law does not treat virtual items as things, they may be protected as property. Legal gaps are identified, and the need to regulate offences consisting in the unauthorized manipulation of another person's virtual property is proposed.

  • Issue Year: 30/2026
  • Issue No: 1
  • Page Range: 81-106
  • Page Count: 26
  • Language: Polish
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