Włoski faszyzm w myśli politycznej Teodora Aleksandra Trzaski-Chrząszczewskiego do 1939 roku
Italian Fascism in the Political Thought of Teodor Aleksander Trzaska-Chrząszczewski until 1939

Summary/Abstract: Italian Fascism was an important topic in discussions about the political system of the Second Polish Republic. The representative of Polish political thought in the interwar period, who observed the socio-political changes on the Italian Peninsula with great interest, was Polish politician and philosopher of history, critic of the democratic system and creator of the oscillation theory, Teodor Aleksander Trzaska-Chrząszczewski. He traced the genesis of fascism in cyclical historical processes that manifest themselves in successive “tides and ebbs” of the waves of liberalism (democracy) and autocracy. Such a great “surge” of liberalism occurred in the 19th century which was the era of liberal constitutionalism. However, the beginning of the 20th century marked the “ebb” of freedom and the importance of the ideology of human rights. As early as 1922, Trzaska-Chrząszczewski wrote about the “twilight of parliamentarism” in Italy, caused by Mussolini’s “march on Rome”. Trzaska-Chrząszczewski provided a highly insightful characterisation of the fascist socio-political changes. According to him, totalism had two variants: mental and economic.

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