VAN ERCİŞ HALK TÜRKÜLERİNDE MAKAM VE USÛL ÖZELLİKLERİ: MÜZİKOLOJİK BİR İNCELEME
MAKAM AND USUL FEATURES IN ERCİŞ REGION FOLK SONGS: A MUSICOLOGICAL STUDY

Summary/Abstract: Folk songs are among the most important oral traditions that reflect a society's cultural identity, historical accumulation and lifestyle. These melodies, which contain cultural elements such as customs, traditions and customs, play a functional role in preserving social memory and passing it on from generation to generation. In this study, the makam series and usûl structures of folk songs from the Erciş district of Van province were systematically examined from a musicological and thnomusicological perspective. In the research conducted based on the descriptive content analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods, 100 folk song samples from the Erciş region selected from the compilation titled Van Türküleri from the Past to the Future were analyzed. As a result of the analyses, it was observed that the regional folk music was significantly affected both in terms of melodic and rhythmic structure due to its geographical and cultural proximity to Azeri music. It was determined that the most commonly used makams in terms of melodic structure were Uşşak and Hüseynî, followed by Çargâh, Buselik and Segâh makams. This situation provides important data on how traditional Turkish music modes are localized and diversified in the context of folk music. In the rhythmic structure analysis, it was determined that the most frequently encountered usûl patterns are 4/4 and 10/8 time, followed by rhythms such as 6/8 and 12/8. In particular, the presence of irregular rhythms such as 10/8 and 6/8 has been associated with rhythmic similarities with Azeri music. This study aims to contribute to the regional folk music literature by systematically presenting the makam and usûl structures of folk songs belonging to the Erciş region. It is also an important source in terms of documenting and preserving the local musical heritage. The findings have the potential to provide basic data for both academic music studies and cultural planning.

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