HistoMath: Integrating Ethnomathematics and Augmented Reality Based on Malay Sultanate of Deli’s Culture to Enhance Geometry Learning in Inclusive Classrooms
HistoMath: Integrating Ethnomathematics and Augmented Reality Based on Malay Sultanate of Deli’s Culture to Enhance Geometry Learning in Inclusive Classrooms

Summary/Abstract: The integration of cultural context and digital technology is a promising approach to improve mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms with diverse learner needs. Previous research suggests that ethnomathematics and augmented reality (AR) can enhance conceptual understanding and student engagement, yet application-based implementations in inclusive elementary settings are limited. This study examines the development and impact of HistoMath, an interactive application combining ethnomathematics and AR to contextualize plane geometry through local architectural heritage. Using a Research and Development design based on the Lee and Owens model, HistoMath was developed and validated by experts before being implemented in three inclusive elementary schools in Medan City. Participants included fourth-grade students who used HistoMath within a Discovery Learning framework. The application features competency modules, 3D visualizations, AR videos, audiovisual quizzes, and competency assessments, with a teacher dashboard for monitoring progress and responses. Findings show that HistoMath achieved high expert validity and usability, and implementation produced improvements in students’ geometry outcomes and learning engagement. Statistical analysis indicates a large portion of variance is associated with HistoMath, while remaining variance is attributable to internal and external learner factors. The study provides recommendations for scale-up and further longitudinal research in diverse contexts. In conclusion, HistoMath offers a culturally grounded, technology-enhanced medium that supports inclusive mathematics learning and promotes local heritage exploration and supports teacher professional development and classroom adaptation.

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