The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science: Implications for Human Rights
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science: Implications for Human Rights

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in forensic science and its implications for the protection of human rights. While AI has the potential to enhance efficiency, reduce analysis time, and improve accuracy in forensic investigations, its benefits remain partly dependent on data quality and methodological limitations. The study identifies several categories of risks associated with the use of AI in forensic science, including technical, operational, ethical, and human rights-related risks, which often overlap and influence one another. From a human rights perspective, AI may affect fundamental rights protected under the European Convention on Human Rights, such as the right to privacy, the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence, and the principle of non-discrimination. The paper also highlights the close relation between ethical concerns and human rights risks, emphasizing that ethical issues may evolve into concrete legal violations. Finally, the article explores possible methods for mitigating these risks, including ensuring data quality, promoting transparency and explainability, establishing accountability mechanisms, and implementing continuous monitoring. It also notes recent international efforts to regulate AI, particularly through the adoption of the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. The study concludes that, although AI offers significant advantages for forensic science, its use must be carefully regulated to ensure full respect for human rights.

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