Pandemi Öncesi, Pandemi Dönemi ve Pandemi Sonrası Bankacılık Sektörünün Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırılması
Comparison of Banking Sector Efficiency before the Pandemic, During the Pandemic and after the Pandemic

Summary/Abstract: This research comparatively examines the efficiency and financial performance of public, private, and foreign-owned banks operating in Turkey across three periods: pre-pandemic (2017–2019), pandemic (2020–2021), and post-pandemic (2022–2024). Capital adequacy, profitability, revenue structure, and operating efficiency were evaluated using financial indicators obtained from the BRSA database. Analyses were conducted using parametric tests, and the results revealed significant differences in indicators such as capital adequacy, profitability, and operating expenses across periods and bank types. Significant improvements were observed in capital adequacy and profitability in the post-pandemic period, with foreign banks performing stronger in these areas than public and private banks. However, differences between bank types remained limited in other indicators. The findings reveal the banking sector's susceptibility to crises and the greater resilience of foreign banks, offering important implications for strategic planning and performance management.

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