Polityka decentralizacji bezpieczeństwa. Wyzwanie czy konieczność
The Policy of Security Decentralization: Challenge or Necessity

Summary/Abstract: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article addresses the key issue related to the functioning of the state as a whole and its components, i.e. security. The aim is to show the model of security management in the state through decentralization, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted model, and consequently to articulate the necessary actions to improve security management, as well as to create conditions for further discussion and scientific disputes in this area. RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The current model of security management is based on a dualistic division of tasks between central and local government administration. This results in a specific dichotomy and hierarchization in this area, which is not classical decentralization but merely deconcentration. The dogmatic-legal and observational methods were used in the work. An analysis of the security paradigm was made in conjunction with a thorough observation of reality. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In theoretical-legal terms, the concepts of security and decentralization were systematized. Then the subjective structure of security management and the competences assigned to individual levels in this area were discussed. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of the contemporary security management model were articulated, which became a direct determinant for indicating directions of political-legislative work aimed at improving the security management system. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis showed that decentralization in security is possible, but requires a precise definition of the division of competences and the creation of mechanisms for effective coordination of actions at various levels of administration. The ultimate goal should be to develop an integrated state security management system capable of meeting contemporary challenges and threats while respecting the principles of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: Decentralization plays an important role in shaping state security; this process has both advantages and brings challenges. On the one hand, decentralization enables a more flexible response to local threats, on the other hand it involves problems such as difficulties in coordination. It seems that the alternative to full decentralization is deconcentration while maintaining central supervision. It is therefore necessary to postulate a balance between decentralization and deconcentration.

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