Ролята на изкуствения интелект в преподаването на история в средното образование: перспективи и тревоги
The Role of AI in Teaching History in Secondary Education: Perspectives and Worries

Summary/Abstract: n recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly and extensively permeated nearly every sphere of modern life, and secondary education is no exception to this transformation. Alarge proportion of students regularly use various tools based on large language models to „solve“ a wide range of academic tasks – from writing essays to preparing for exams. History and civilisation education has not remained outside this general trend, as an increasing number of students and teachers encounter the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in their everyday pedagogical practice. However, what are the risks of applying AI in history and civilisation education? What prospects do new technologies offer, and how can general-purpose and specialised AI tools contribute to improving the quality of history education? The present study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state and attitudes towards the use of AI-based tools in the study of history in secondary education in Bulgaria. The article comprises four main parts. The introduction presents the key problems and challenges associated with the development of artificial intelligence and tools based on large language models in the context of contemporary education. The second part provides an overview of the use of AI in history education, along with a comparative analysis of various general-purpose and specialised AI tools applicable to the learning process. The third part describes in detail the results of an empirical study conducted among 167 students and 27 teachers regarding their experience, expectations, and attitudes towards the use of AI in history education. The conclusion systematises the main findings and formulates specific recommendations that can contribute to more effective teaching and learning of history in secondary education. A critical analysis of the distinctive features of history teaching has been conducted, and recommendations and best practices for integrating general-purpose and specific AI-based tools into the educational process of history and civilisations have been presented.

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