Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme, Çevre Kirliliği ve Sağlık Harcamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Fourier Yaklaşımıyla Analizi
Analysis of the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution and Health Expenditures in Türkiye Using the Fourier Approach

Summary/Abstract: This study aims to examine the effects of environmental quality and economic growth on health expenditures in the Turkish economy within the framework of sustainable development. These effects of environmental degradation on health are reflected in the form of increasing cost pressures on public health systems and threaten the social dimension of sustainable development. The study examines the longterm relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and health expenditures per capita in Türkiye during the period 2000–2021. As a method, the series' stationarity properties were analyzed using the Enders and Lee (2012) Fourier unit root test, which models structural breaks with smooth transitions, and the variables were found to be first-order integrated. Subsequently, long-term relationships were investigated using the Fourier ADL cointegration test developed by Banerjee, Arcabic, and Lee (2017). The findings indicate that economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions have a positive and significant long-term effect on health expenditures. The results reveal that protecting environmental quality is critical not only for ecological sustainability but also for economic and social sustainability. This points to the need to promote environmentally friendly production technologies in Türkiye, accelerate energy transition policies, and plan health expenditures in a way that reduces environmental risks.

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