İslam Hukukunun Kavramsal Mahiyeti Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ Yaklaşımları
Artificial Intelligence Approaches in the Context of the Conceptual Nature of Islamic Law

Summary/Abstract: This research is a multidisciplinary study that brings together the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and Islamic law.Our study aims to offer theoretical and practical contributions toward the development of an AI system that aligns with the foundational structure of Islamic law. The core problem addressed in this study is whether the capacity for fıqh (understanding of Islamic jurisprudence) and ijtihād (independent legal reasoning), which are essential to Islamic legal thought, can be replicated or performed by artificial intelligence. Our research presents a theoretical framework regarding the potential role of AI within the conceptual structure ofIslamic law, comparing the human capacity for reasoning, intelligence, and intuition in generating meaning and legal rulings with those of AI systems. In particular, it questions whether machine-based systems can imitate activities with strong mental and spiritual dimensions, such as tafaqquh (deep understanding) and ijtihad. The subject has been conducted through an analytical and inductive methodological approach. In this regard, the AI’s potential to perform Islamic legal reasoning has been analyzed through its operating mechanisms, core approaches, and the relationships between intellect, intelligence, and artificial intelligence, interpreted from the perspective of Islamic law. For this reason, the research does not delve deeply into the theoretical foundations or doctrinal details of Islamic jurisprudence, as these areas are considered outside the scope of the study. As a result of the study, it is emphasized thatthe moral, spiritual and intuitive dimensions oftafaqquh cannot be fully represented by modern-approach artificial intelligence; itis suggested that rule-based hybrid-approach artificial intelligence models be developed for ijtihad activities with the contribution of expertIslamic jurists.

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