Do digital transformation and green supply chain management influence sustainable performance?
Do digital transformation and green supply chain management influence sustainable performance?

Summary/Abstract: In the presented research we aim to examine how Digital Transformation (DT) and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) impact Sustainable Performance (SP), and to explore how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) serves as a moderator. Using a quantitative framework, this research leverages secondary data obtained through the content analysis of corporate annual and sustainability filings. The research population targets non-financial firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2023 to 2024. A total of 682 firm-year observations were selected using a purposive sampling technique, forming an unbalanced panel dataset. Fixed-effects panel regression with firm-clustered robust standard errors was conducted using Stata 19.5. The empirical results indicate that both DT and GSCM exert a positive and significant influence on SP. Furthermore, GHRM functions as a quasi-moderator by significantly strengthening the effects of DT and GSCM on SP. Notably, the five-dimensional GSCM construct comprising internal and external practices, differentiation strategy, regulatory stakeholder responsiveness, and green entrepreneurial orientation demonstrates stronger explanatory power than the conventional two-dimensional GSCM model. These findings highlight the importance of integrating digital, supply chain, and human resource capabilities to achieve substantive sustainability outcomes, particularly in emerging markets facing increasingly stringent sustainability regulations.

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