АЛТЕРНАТИВНЕ И ДОПУНСКЕ КРИВИЧНОПРАВНЕ МЕРЕ ИЗРЕЧЕНОЈ КАЗНИ КОЈИМА СЕ ОБНАВЉА УНИШТЕНА/УГРОЖЕНА ЖИВОТНА СРЕДИНА КАО ПОСЕБАН СТАНДАРД ЕУ ДИРЕКТИВЕ 2024/1203
Alternative and Accessory Criminal Law Measures Imposed in Addition to the Penalty for the Restoration of a Destroyed or Endangered Environment as a Special Standard of Directive (EU) 2024/12031

Summary/Abstract: This paper analyzes the role of alternative and accessory criminal-law measures under Directive (EU) 2024/1203 on the protection of the environment through criminal law. The focus of this analysis is on measures that go beyond imprisonment and fines, particularly the restoration of the damaged environment, compensation for irreversible damage, exclusion from public funding, withdrawal of permits and authorizations, and publication of judgments. The paper examines the Directive’s approach to natural and legal persons, presents selected comparative examples, and considers relevant solutions in North Macedonian law. It concludes that restorative and preventive measures are essential for an effective response to environmental crime because principal penalties alone cannot repair environmental damage or prevent future offenses.

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