How Evolution Explains Generosity. Key Mechanisms, Individual Differences, and Practical Insights
How Evolution Explains Generosity. Key Mechanisms, Individual Differences, and Practical Insights

Summary/Abstract: Generosity is a form of prosocial behavior that is increasingly featured in psychological research. Many studies cite generosity as a socially desirable behavior, thus, seeking its psychological correlates. However, without an overarching concept, many of these inquiries may overlook significant cues that coherently capture generosity as an adaptation that currently increases or decreases in similar circumstances as those in evolutionary history. Therefore, this article focuses on evolutionary approaches to this phenomenon. The inclusive fitness theory and the reciprocal altruism theory have been presented as two key explanations of prosociality. Findings on the environmental and individual indicators of generosity, which support predictions derived from the evolutionary concepts, are then discussed. It has been explained how, for reasons outlined by evolutionary history, individual differences can shape various strategies regarding prosociality. Ways in which generosity can be situationally activated are also presented, as well as guidance, both for practitioners and researchers in related disciplines, on how generosity can be studied and reinforced.

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