Inteligența artificială în sectorul public: oportunități, riscuri și modelul de guvernanță al Uniunii Europene
Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector: opportunities, risks, and the European Union governance model

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in the public sector from a theoretical and doctrinal perspective. It focuses on public administration, civil service activity, central and local authorities, public services, sensitive sectoral areas, justice-related activities and academia. The main argument is that AI is no longer merely a technology for efficiency; it has become a matter of public governance because it may affect administrative procedures, access to services, data processing, rights protection and public trust. The article is based on doctrinal analysis, normative interpretation and critical synthesis of relevant academic literature, European legal materials and policy documents. Its main contribution is an analytical matrix comparing public-sector domains by type of AI use, level of risk, affected rights, necessary safeguards and relevant obligations under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. The study concludes that AI may support the modernisation of the public sector only if it is embedded in a robust institutional framework, with clear rules, trained personnel, sound data governance, impact assessment, contestability and effective human oversight.

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