القلم يف عيون شعراء األندلس: دراسة موضوعيَّة
The Pen in the Eyes of Andalusian Poets: an Objective Study

Summary/Abstract: This research seeks to illustrate how Andalusian poets described the pen. The significance of this research stems from how pen is described in Andalusian poetry and the collateral artistic simile. Towards this end, conspicuous models from different eras were selected, and comparison between them was made in order to identify agreements and differences as well as to pinpoint the most frequent simile based on the formal aspect. Moreover, the pen’s description implied moral and human dimension to emphasize its features, movements, and characteristics. The research came as an introduction of a presentation I gave about the importance of the research, its objectives, previous studies, the methodology followed in the analysis process, and the review of the material collected from literature, history references and poets' verses. I devoted the preface to the importance of the pen in the life of nations and its great impact in preserving human heritage, as well as shedding light on the interest in pen in both poetry and prose. I divided the research into two sections, each of which included subheadings: The first section included virtues of the pen, the pen as an appreciated gift among friends, the conflict between the sword and the pen, praising those engaged in writing while describing their pens in particular, and finally, and finally riddles on pen as an entertainment. The second section deals with imageries used by poets in describing the pen in both traditional and innovative contexts, among which are the images of war and its tools, the lover, the infant, the image of the snitch, and finally the image of the diver. The research concluded with a number of findings, the most important of which was that the Andalusian poets employed the same images and similes used by their predecessors in describing the pen and the ink’s color. The most frequent attributes of pen yellowness, thinness, snitch, tears, saliva, nectar, honey, colocynth, spears, arrows and swords. They also consolidated a large number of images and similes in their poems, which indicated their broad imagination. The most common images they used in describing the pen are the image of exhausted lover who was overtaken by the disease, while utilizing characteristic of thinness and the flow of tears in their similes, in addition to war and its tools, as well as the leading knight and his actions of hit-and-run, as if depicting real scenes. The research also concluded that Andalusian poets used metaphors and similes describing the pen, which in turn conferred a wide spectrum of pen’s depictions. Despite their being imitators to some extent, poets were also innovators in depicting several images and similes of a pen.

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