SANATTA DEVRİSABIK YARATMAK: TEVFİK FİKRET VE NECİP FAZIL ŞİİRİNDE MUVAZENE SORUNU OLARAK DİNSEL DÖNÜŞÜM
CREATING AN UPHEAVAL IN ART: RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION AS A PROBLEM OF BALANCE IN THE POETRY OF TEVFİK FİKRET AND NECİP FAZIL

Summary/Abstract: The artistic philosophies of Tevfik Fikret and Necip Fazıl were formed in connection with their religious transformations, which are essentially a problem of balance. The images of Necip Fazıl and Tevfik Fikret that are ingrained in minds today are portraits that can be considered the result of the religious transformation they experienced. Their religious transformation also paved the way for the formation of two distinct worlds of value in their poetic journeys, which can be described by the conceptual pairs of “former-latter, before-after, old-new.” Another significant common and relational aspect, as important as their religious transformation, is that Tevfik Fikret was the symbolic and pioneering face of the Republican values to which Necip Fazıl was opposed. This situation also makes it possible to bring the two poets together on a common line of opposition. Necip Fazıl's criticism can very well be considered an indirect opposition to Fikret's ideas, which were in power. Indeed, we see Necip Fazıl, while objecting to the rationalist and secular rhetoric inherent in the Republic's modernity, sometimes engaging in polemics with Fikret as well. The acquisition of a political ground for Islamic discourse in the Republican Era stems from Necip Fazıl's sharp religious transformation. Tevfik Fikret's renunciation of religion, on the other hand, constitutes a change that found its place in the secular order of the Republic and preceded it. His transformation was far more radical than Necip Fazıl's, as it occurred under conditions where the head of state held the title of Caliph and Islam governed the helm of the Empire. The fact that his ideas were put into practice shortly afterward by the Republican administration truly elevated his foresight to the level of prophecy, unless it was simply a matter of perceiving the social groundwork or the political trajectory. This study aimed to examine the poetry of Tevfik Fikret and Necip Fazıl comparatively, within the context of the impact their religious changes had on their art. The fact that the transformation created two contradictory periods— before and after—in the art of both poets allowed for a focus on the incompatibility and conflict between their transformations and their own pasts and the order they were born into. The essence of religious transformation being the subject's attempt to find/establish a balance necessitated addressing the issue within the context of the idea of equilibrium, while its religious nature made it essential to draw upon the relevant of the psychology of religion.

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