BELIRLI VE BELIRSIZ GEÇMIŞ ZAMAN BIÇIMBIRIMLERININ İŞLEVSEL ILE ANLAMSAL ÖZELLIKLERI VE RUSÇADAKI KARŞILIKLARI
FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE PAST TENSE FORMS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN RUSSIAN

Summary/Abstract: In many languages of the world, the verb is considered the most morphologically rich part of speech. The diversity of lexical meanings and paradigms of figurative meanings of verbs in Turkish and Russian, as well as the diversity of grammatical categories, are features that distinguish verbs from other parts of speech in both languages. In the languages being compared, verbs play a major role in the organisation of sentences and reflect the relationship between the subject and the predicate. In addition, the grammatical categories of verbs indicate the time of the action, its connection with the person, and the reality or unreality of the statement. Formal grammatical indicators in Turkish verbs have great descriptive potential, so in addition to their basic functions, they also perform stylistic functions. Since the languages being compared are typologically different and usually differ from a formal point of view, complete equivalence of verb tenses in Turkish and Russian is impossible. Comparative grammatical studies allow us not only to identify universal features observed in Turkish and Russian, but also to reveal the structural and semantic features of the languages to a greater extent, as well as to determine their morphological and stylistic differences. The main objective of the study was to attempt to determine the primary and secondary meanings of Turkish verbs, as indicated by morphological markers of the past tense relating to the paradigm of ‘absolute time’ in the Turkish language, as well as to identify morphological elements in the Russian language that reflect the corresponding meanings. The study used such scientific research methods as component analysis, data collection and evaluation, distributive analysis, and the comparative method. The study found that verbs that function as predicates in Turkish and contain grammatical indicators of the past tense are largely identical to their equivalents in Russian in terms of lexical meaning and syntactic functions. However, their meanings can be expressed in Russian not only with the help of different verb forms.

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