Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Croatia: An Analysis of Gem, Gii, and The Eu Scoreboard
Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Croatia: An Analysis of Gem, Gii, and The Eu Scoreboard

Summary/Abstract: Purpose: The study analyzes empirical indicators of entrepreneurial and innovation activity in Croatia based on a comparison of secondary data (GEM, GII, EIS), with the aim of identifying key structural barriers and providing a systematic overview of the state of the entrepreneurial and innovation environment, with implications for public policy. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a quantitative approach based on secondary data analysis from three databases: GEM, GII and EIS for the period 2018–2023, using descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, time series analysis, and correlation analysis (including lag 1 correlation).Findings: The analysis of the NECI index, GII and EIS indicates improvements in the quality of the entrepreneurial and innovation environment, but it remains significantly below the EU average. A restrictive entrepreneurial environment with pronounced structural and other problems still prevails. Key implications for public policy include: reform of the entrepreneurial institutional framework, systematic strengthening of R&D transfer, development of the innovation ecosystem, and strengthening entrepreneurial competencies through the education system. Originality/value: The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Croatia’s entrepreneurial environment based on internationally comparable GEM methodology, integrating the NECI index and innovativeness indicators (GII, EIS) into a unique framework, enabling deeper understanding of structural barriers and providing guidelines for public policy creation.

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