Blockchain in the Energy Sector – Potential, Challenges, and Development Directions
Blockchain in the Energy Sector – Potential, Challenges, and Development Directions

Summary/Abstract: This paper examines the potential applications, challenges, and future directions for the development of blockchain technology in the energy sector in response to increasing demands for transparency, decentralisation, and system efficiency. The study explores how blockchain can support innovation across energy infrastructure and market operations, with particular emphasis on peer-to-peer energy trading, smart metering systems, and renewable energy certification. The research is based on a Critical Literature Review (CLR) that integrates recent interdisciplinary studies and case analyses. The findings indicate that blockchain offers significant opportunities to enhance transparency, automate transactions, and support decentralised energy governance. Evidence from international pilot projects and initiatives, including those implemented in Central and Eastern Europe, confirms both the feasibility of blockchain solutions and their added value in real-world energy environments. From a practical perspective, blockchain can enable targeted innovations in grid management, billing processes, and data integrity, although successful implementation will depend on clear regulatory frameworks, institutional readiness, and effective collaboration among key energy stakeholders. Furthermore, decentralised energy solutions supported by blockchain technology may strengthen consumer trust, promote local autonomy, and encourage broader public participation in energy transition processes. By focusing specifically on the needs and opportunities of the energy sector, this paper offers a fresh contribution to the discussion on digital public services and, by linking theoretical insights with practical applications, provides valuable guidance for researchers, policymakers, and public managers navigating the evolving landscape of digital energy governance.

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