Стратегии маркирования аргументов тропативной конструкции
Argument marking strategies in tropative constructions

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the results of a study on strategies for marking arguments in tropative constructions (i.e., expressing meanings such as “X considers Y to be Z” (direct) or “Y is considered to be Z” (reverse), where X is the subject, Y is the object, and Z is a characteristic) of 215 languages, including natural languages, constructed languages, and languages occupying an intermediate position between the two. The study used online elicitation method to collect translations from native speakers and language users. For 27 % of the languages, it was found that at least two of the three arguments (or, more rarely, all the arguments) are encoded in the same way. A number of languages (like Latin, Karaim, and Aymara) displayed different marking of the characteristic depending on the construction type. Typical tropative models were overviewed, with a focus on the argument marking strategies in direct vs. reverse and positive vs. negative (“X does not consider Y to be Z” or “Y is not considered to be Z”) constructions.

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