Conflitto e risoluzione del conflitto nel mondo antico: prospetti filosofico-giuridici
Conflict and conflict resolution in the ancient world: philosophical and legal perspectives

Summary/Abstract: Conflict is a fundamental feature of ancient societies, not only as a clash between states or social classes, but also as an internal and conceptual tension. This article examines how the civilisations of the Mediterranean and the Near East – from Mesopotamia and Egypt to Greece and Rome – interpreted, regulated, and theorised conflict through two principal instruments: law and philosophy. While law aimed to manage dissent through norms and institutions, philosophy sought to investigate the roots and meaning of conflict, proposing models of harmony and justice. The reflection ranges from Plato and Aristotle to Cicero, also analysing the social and political responses of the Greek city-states and of Republican and Imperial Rome. This contribution highlights how antiquity did not attempt to eliminate conflict, but rather to understand and transform it, leaving a legacy that continues to resonate in modern legal and political thought.

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