Ústavné postavenie a spôsob voľby maďarského prezidenta republiky
Ústavné postavenie a spôsob voľby maďarského prezidenta republiky

Summary/Abstract: After the general introduction the first part of the article is dealing with the short history of the president in Hungary. Institution of the Hungarian president does not have very long history, because between the two world war Hungary was kingdom without king. More important was the period after the second world war. Parliament declared the Republic of Hungary in 1946. Republic had president elected by Parliament with very limited competencies. During the period of communist dictatorship Hungary has collective head of state. The institution of president has reestablished only after the change of the system in 1989. Very interesting is the history of president institution after 1989. Namely the form of election was very sensitive question. The communist power, including the reform-comunist wing prefered the direct election of president, because they hoped int he victory of their candidate. The liberal opposition prefered the indirect election of president after the first free parliamentary elections in 1990. The democratic Hungarian Constitution was changed several times in this short period. Finally Árpád Göncz, the first posttransitional Hungarian president was elected by Parliament in August 1990 – after the free parliamentary elections. Hungarian president has very limited competencies. Most active president was Prof. László Sólyom between 2005 and 2010. Question of the direct election of president is relativelly frequent problem int he constitutional literature, but the big parties in the last two decades did not prefer this modell. During the preparation of the Hungarian Fundamental Law A.D. 2011 the main governing party – FIDESZ – did not support the direct election of president. President has several new competencies now, but the general position of the president did not change.

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